California law requires drivers to carry minimum liability insurance. Understanding these requirements helps you choose appropriate coverage and stay compliant. The limits are written as three numbers representing thousands of dollars of coverage.
Minimum liability limits
California requires at least:
- $15,000 for injury or death of one person
- $30,000 for injury or death of more than one person in a single accident
- $5,000 for property damage
This is commonly written as 15/30/5. These are the lowest legal limits — they exist to ensure every driver can cover at least basic damage they cause.
Why minimum coverage may not be enough
Medical costs and vehicle damage often exceed these limits, especially in a serious collision involving multiple vehicles or injuries. If your liability limits are too low, you could be personally responsible for the difference. Many drivers add higher liability limits, collision and comprehensive coverage, and uninsured/underinsured motorist protection — see uninsured motorist coverage and coverage types for more.
Proof of insurance
You must carry proof of insurance in your vehicle and present it when requested by law enforcement, after an accident, or when registering your vehicle. Electronic proof on a phone is generally accepted.
Alternative financial responsibility
If you don't carry standard insurance, California accepts alternatives such as a cash deposit with the DMV, a surety bond, or a self-insurance certificate. These are uncommon and not practical for most drivers.
